be是英语动词中比较特殊的一类动词,其使用频率很高,牵涉到各种句型、时态和语态等用法,下面是
英语中be动词的用法讲解,大家一起来看看吧!
英语中be动词的用法讲解: 一、系动词be 作为系动词(也叫连系动词,link verb)的be,是英语学习者接触最早的用法,而且其用法也很多。其基本含义为“是”,基本用法结构为“主语+be+表语”,也就是我们常说的主系表结构,其中的表语一般都由名词、形容词、数词或表地点、时间等的短语来充当。 系动词be有各种时态的变化,也会和情态动词连用。 (一)be的时态变化 系动词be会有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等的时态变化。如: He isa student. They werein the park yesterday. It will be cloudy tomorrow. He has been ill for six days. It had been three hours before she left the hat shop. (二)be与情态动词的连用 其用法为:情态动词+系动词be原形。如: It must be Lucy's book. Her name is on the cover. It can be very difficult for us to memorize too many words within such a short time. She should be here on time tomorrow.
二、助动词be 作为助动词,be没有具体含义,而是与主要动词一起构成句子的谓语动词。这种情况下,be主要用来构成进行时和被动语态。 (一)进行时态中的be 此时,be可以与主要动词的现在分词一起,构成各种进行时态。如: He is reading in the library now. (现在进行时) She wasswimming in the river this time yesterday. (过去进行时) They will be arriving in Beijing tomorrow. (将来进行时) We have been learning English for ten years. (现在完成进行时) (二)被动语态中的be 助动词be能够与主要动词的过去分词一起构成被动语态,即be done结构。如: Chinese iswidely used around the world nowadays. The window wasbroken by the naughty boy just now. Your watch has already beenrepaired. 【注意】 助动词be能够构成特殊句型。如: 1、be going to do be going to do表示“打算或将要”。如: He isgoing to visit us next week. It isgoing to rain soon. 2、be about to do be about to do表示“刚要,即将”。与be going to do表“将要”不同的是,be about to do表示的是说完话后马上就要去做或是短期内马上就要去做。如: The plane isabout to take off in five minutes' time. 3、be to do be to do表示“按计划要做”。如: One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she wasto have this special boy. The new store isto be opened tomorrow.
动词expect的用法: 1. 表示“期待”“期望”,通常为及物动词,不要受汉语影响在其后误加介词for。如: 我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。 误:We should not expect for success overnight. 正:We should not expect success overnight. 2. 后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。如: I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。 若语义需要,其后还可接不定式的复合结构。如: He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。 3. 不要认为 expect 只表示“期待”“期望”,它还可表示“预计”“预料”等。如: I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。 I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。 有时可用于不好的方面。如: He expects to fail the exam. 他预料无法通过考试。 另外,注意expect a baby这一惯用表达,其意为“怀孕”。如: It’s public knowledge she’s expecting a baby. 大家都知道她已怀孕了。 4. 其后可接 that 从句,若从句谓语为否定,注意否定的转移。如: I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。 在口语中有可表示“想”或“揣想”。如: I expect you’re tired. 我想你是累了吧。 其后可接 that 从句,但不接疑问词引导的从句,若遇有疑问词,则要使用“疑问词+do you expect…”这样的句式。如: 你想什么时候离开? 误:Do you expect when you will leave? 误:Do you expect when to leave? 正:When do you expect to leave? 5. 表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算,通常用过去完成时,但在一定的上下文当中,只要意思清楚,也可只用一般过去时。如: I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本来想早点来的,但未赶上早班车。 We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。 有时在其后接不定式的完成式,如上面第一句也可改成: I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus. 6. 有时用于“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构,表示“预计……”。如: It’s expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。 It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。
动词prefer的用法: 1. 用作动词,表示“更喜欢”“宁愿”等,后接动词时,可用不定式或动名词,其区别大致为:表示一般情况用动名词,表示特定动作用不定式。比较: I prefer walking alone. 我喜欢一个人溜达。 A:Can I give you a lift? 你顺便坐我的车走吗? B:No, thanks. I prefer to walk. 不用了,谢谢,我喜欢步行。 但是,与would或should连用时,总是表示特定的想法,所以其后总是接不定式。如: 正:We would prefer to do it later. 我们宁愿以后做它。 误:We would prefer doing it later. 另外注意,当would prefer后接不定式被省略时,要注意保留其中的to,如: A:Would you prefer to wait? 你愿意等吗? B:Yes, I’d prefer to. 是的,愿意等。 2. 可用于多种形式的复合结构(宾语补足语可以是形容词、介词短语、过去分词、不定式等)。如: I prefer my coffee black. 我喜欢喝不加奶的咖啡。 I prefer the chair in its old place. 我觉得这把椅子还是放在老地方好。 We preferred the house painted white 我们倒喜欢那座漆成白色的房子。 Their father prefers them to be home early. 他们的父亲希望他们早点儿回家。 3. 表示“宁愿……而不愿……”“喜欢……而不喜欢……”“与……相比,更喜欢……”等,其基本句型是prefer…to…和prefer…rather than…,其搭配习惯如下: (1) 用于prefer…to…时,主要用于比较两个名词或动名词。如: I prefer the seaside to the mountains. 我喜欢海边,不喜欢山区。 Tom prefers reading to talking. 汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。 这类结构的prefer前有时也可用would, should等。如: We’d prefer playing outdoors to watching television. 我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。 (2) 用于prefer…rather than…时,主要用于比较两个不定式(后面的不定式通常省略to,但前面的不定式必须带to)。如: He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。 She preferred to stay at home rather than (to) go out. 和出门比起来,她比较喜欢待在家里。 后面的不定式有时也可用动名词(虽然不如用省略to的不定式普通)。如: I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than driving all the way to your mother’s. 我觉得与其开车跑那么远到你母亲那里去度周末,倒不如在家过更好些。 在现代英语中,prefer…rather than…也可用于连接两个名词或动名词,此时的rather than也可换成介词to。如: I should prefer beef rather than mutton. 我宁愿吃牛肉而不愿吃羊肉。 I prefer swimming rather than cycling. 比起骑自行车来我还是喜欢游泳。 4. 其后有时接that从句作宾语,从句谓语动词通常用虚拟语气(用过去式或用should+v)。如: He preferred that such comments should cease. 他希望停止这种议论。 I would prefer it if you didn’t smoke in here. 我希望你不要在这里面吸烟。
动词cause的用法: (1) 表示“造成”“使(发生)”,注意以下搭配: ①其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语。如: Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可导致肺癌。 Careless drivers cause accidents. 司机不小心就出事故。 ②后接双宾语。如: The car caused me a lot of trouble. 这车给我引来了不少麻烦。 He caused his parents much unhappiness. 他弄得他父母很不愉快。 I hope this will not cause you any inconvenience. 希望这不会给你造成不便。 ③后接不定式的复合结构作宾语。如: The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天气寒冷冻死了植物。 Heating a copper bar will cause it to expand. 对铜棒加热会使它膨胀。 What caused your wife to change her mind? 是什么使你的妻子改变了主意? 若双宾语易位,可用介词 to / for 来引出间接宾语。如: Her irresponsible behaviour has caused her family a great deal of anxiety.=Her irresponsible behaviour has caused a great deal of anxiety to [for] her family. 她不负责任的行为已引起她的家人的莫大担扰。 (2) 表示“使”“迫使”,通常接不定式的复合结构作宾语,注意不要受动词 make 的影响而用错句型。比较: 是什么使她哭了? 正:What caused her to cry? / What made her cry? 误:What caused her cry [crying]? / What made her to cry? 这个坏消息使她伤心。 正:The bad news caused her to be sad. 正:The bad news made her sad. 误:The bad news caused her sad.